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Naughty Dog, Inc. (known as Jam Software before renaming in 1989〔〔) is an American video game developer based in Santa Monica, California.〔"(Time Line )." Naughty Dog. June 4, 2004. Retrieved on May 5, 2010.〕 Founded by Andy Gavin and Jason Rubin in 1984 as an independent developer,〔 the studio was acquired by Sony Computer Entertainment in 2001. Gavin and Rubin produced a sequence of progressively more successful games, including ''Rings of Power'' for the Sega Genesis/Mega Drive and ''Way of the Warrior'' for the 3DO. The latter — a very low-budget but still plausible offering — prompted Universal Interactive Studios to sign the duo to a three-title deal and fund the expansion of the company. Mark Cerny, who had been deeply involved with ''Sonic the Hedgehog 2'' for Sega, convinced Naughty Dog to focus its new resources on creating a character-based platform game that would fully exploit the 3D capabilities of the new systems. Ultimately, this led to the release of ''Crash Bandicoot'' for the PlayStation on August 31, 1996. Naughty Dog developed three ''Crash Bandicoot'' sequels over the next several years. In January 2001, it was announced Sony would acquire Naughty Dog. After developing ''Crash Team Racing'', the company began working on ''Jak and Daxter'' for the PlayStation 2. In 2004, Naughty Dog's studio president and co-founder, Jason Rubin, left the company〔(Jason Rubin set to exit Naughty Dog )〕 to work on a new project named ''Iron and the Maiden''. In addition to their inhouse game team, Naughty Dog is also home to the ICE Team (''Initiative for a Common Engine'' Team),〔(Mark Cerny's "Road to the PS4" @ Gamelab 2013 ). YouTube (2013-06-27). Retrieved on 2013-07-16.〕 one of SCE Worldwide Studios's central technology groups. The company's first PlayStation 3 title, ''Uncharted: Drake's Fortune'', was released in 2007, its sequel, ''Uncharted 2: Among Thieves'', in 2009, and ''Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception'' in November 2011. Naughty Dog was known for having a history of not only developing one game at a time, but only one franchise per console; a trend that has garnered criticism from fans. This lasted until Naughty Dog announced a new intellectual property called ''The Last of Us'' at the Spike Video Game Awards on December 10, 2011 for the PlayStation 3, which was in development by a second team at the studio and was released in June 2013 to overwhelming universal acclaim. Beginning in early 2014, the studio has experienced multiple departures, the highest level of departure being lead ''Uncharted'' writer Amy Hennig. Their current project is the next installment in the ''Uncharted'' series, ''Uncharted 4: A Thief's End'', which the company teased at the PlayStation 4 launch event in November 2013 and then revealed on E3 2014 in June 2014. ==Company overview== High school students, Jason Rubin and Andy Gavin, having experimented with Lisp and C++, teamed up to create video games and founded "Jam Software" in 1984. Rubin and Gavin chose to only create software for the Apple II and decided to create a skiing game for their second title. During production of the game, Gavin accidentally copied bootleg games over the only copy of the skiing game they had. Rubin then created a new skiing game called ''Ski Crazed'' (originally titled ''Ski Stud'') within the weekend. Because the game played slowly, Gavin reprogrammed the game to play quicker. The game was later picked up and published by Baudville, who bought the game from Jam Software for $250. Rubin and Gavin then created an Apple IIGS graphic adventure game titled ''Dream Zone'', which was released in 1988 and ported to the Atari ST, Amiga and personal computer. In 1989, Rubin and Gavin released another game titled ''Keef the Thief'', which was published by Electronic Arts for the Apple IIGS, Amiga and personal computer. To make a fresh start and to dissolve their relationship with Baudville, Rubin and Gavin renamed Jam Software as ''Naughty Dog'' on September 9, 1989.〔 In the early 1990s, ''Naughty Dog'' created ''Rings of Power'', which was published by Electronic Arts for the Mega Drive/Genesis in 1991. The company's character in the logo is a grinning dog wearing goggles. By that time, Rubin and Gavin were in college and Naughty Dog was bankrupt. Rubin and Gavin (along with friends) then produced the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer title ''Way of the Warrior'' and presented it to Mark Cerny of Universal Interactive Studios (later Vivendi Games, now defunct). Cerny was pleased with ''Way of the Warrior'' and signed Naughty Dog on to Universal Interactive Studios for three additional games. Rubin and Gavin devised a plan to create a three-dimensional action-platform game. Because the player would be forced to constantly look at the character's rear, the game was jokingly codenamed "Sonic's Ass Game". Production of the game began in 1994, during which Naughty Dog expanded its number of employees and invented a development tool called "Goal Oriented Object LISP", to create the characters and gameplay. Cartoonists Charles Zembillas and Joe Pearson were recruited to create the characters of the game, which resulted in the titular character Crash Bandicoot. After 14 months of development, the game was shown to Sony Computer Entertainment, who then signed on to publish the game. ''Crash Bandicoot'' was shown to the public for the first time at E3 and went on to become one of the highest-selling titles for the PlayStation console, selling over 6.8 million copies to date.〔 Naughty Dog continued to develop two more ''Crash Bandicoot'' games, with a spin-off ''Crash Team Racing'' kart racing game. By then the studio was looking to develop games for Sony and not be constrained by Universal Interactive. Since Universal held the rights to the ''Crash'' series, Naughty Dog could not develop future Crash games in its own right. The studio would be bought out by Sony to avoid a repeat while it focused on developing the first game of the ''Jak and Daxter'' series. The ''Jak and Daxter'' games met similar success as the ''Crash'' games. During the development of ''Jak 3'' and ''Jak X: Combat Racing'' games, Rubin and Gavin slowly transitioned Evan Wells and Christophe Balestra to become Co-Presidents of Naughty Dog by the time the founders left the studio. Since 2007, Naughty Dog has worked on the ''Uncharted'' series, and thus made their first official approach to realistic worlds and characters, in contrast to their ''Crash Bandicoot'' and ''Jak and Daxter'' series, which featured fantastical worlds set in a completely fictional setting. The ''Uncharted'' franchise has been universally praised for its cinematic quality and technical proficiency, and has sold nearly 17 million copies worldwide as of April 2012. During the 2011 Spike TV Video Game Awards, Naughty Dog unveiled a new intellectual property, ''The Last of Us'', described as a "post-apocalyptic third-person action-adventure game", following the plight of a teenage girl, Ellie, and her adult protector, Joel, in a post-apocalyptic United States overrun with humans infected with a disease reminiscent of the infection caused by ''Cordyceps unilateralis''. ''The Last of Us'' received universal acclaim upon release.〔(The Last of Us for PlayStation 3 Reviews - Metacritic )〕 In 2012 and 2013, Naughty Dog teamed with Mass Media Inc. to release the ''Jak and Daxter Collection''. The collection contains high-definition ports of the original PlayStation 2 trilogy and was released for PlayStation 3 and PlayStation Vita respectively. On November 14, 2013, during the PS4 All Access Launch Event on Spike, Naughty Dog revealed two teaser trailers. The first unveils ''The Last of Us'' single-player DLC (a premiere for Naughty Dog), ''Left Behind'', starring Ellie and Riley, a girl that she met during the events of the ''American Dreams'' prequel comic series. The second teaser revealed the studio's first PlayStation 4 title, the next installment of ''Uncharted'', making the series their first IP to sprawl across two home console generations (excluding HD remakes). On November 23, 2013, Corrinne Yu, principal engine architect at Microsoft's ''Halo 4'' developer 343 Industries, announced that she had joined Naughty Dog. On December 7, 2013, during the first edition of Spike's VGX award show, Naughty Dog won the ''Studio of the Year'' award for their work on ''The Last of Us''.〔(Studio of the Year - VGX | SPIKE )〕 On March 4, 2014, ''Uncharted'' lead writer Amy Hennig left the studio, with ''Uncharted 3'' director Justin Richmond and ''The Last of Us'' lead artist Nate Wells leaving soon after. Later, it was revealed that ''The Last of Us'' would be released on the PlayStation 4 as a remastered version. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Naughty Dog」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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